(***********************************************************************) (* *) (* Applied Type System *) (* *) (* Hongwei Xi *) (* *) (***********************************************************************) (* ** ATS - Unleashing the Potential of Types! ** ** Copyright (C) 2002-2010 Hongwei Xi, Boston University ** ** All rights reserved ** ** ATS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under ** the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free ** Software Foundation; either version 2.1, or (at your option) any later ** version. ** ** ATS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY ** WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or ** FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License ** for more details. ** ** You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ** along with ATS; see the file COPYING. If not, please write to the ** Free Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA ** 02110-1301, USA. *) (* ****** ****** *) (* author: Hongwei Xi (hwxi AT cs DOT bu DOT edu) *) (* ****** ****** *) // // This is essentially the first example of its kind: // building API for C functions // (* ****** ****** *) // // HX-2010-07-13: // There are really two versions here: version-0 and version-1; the former // is unsafe and prone to resource-leaks; it should be avoided once the programmer // becomes comfortable with linear types in ATS. // // HX-2010-10-03: // This design is overly complicated mostly for historic reasons; // it is _not_ suggested that this one be used as an example for learning how to // set up interfaces for C functions // (* ****** ****** *) %{# #include "libc/CATS/stdio.cats" %} // end of [%{#] (* ****** ****** *) staload TYPES = "libc/sys/SATS/types.sats" typedef whence_t = $TYPES.whence_t macdef SEEK_SET = $TYPES.SEEK_SET macdef SEEK_CUR = $TYPES.SEEK_CUR macdef SEEK_END = $TYPES.SEEK_END (* ****** ****** *) sortdef fm = file_mode typedef bytes (n:int) = @[byte][n] typedef b0ytes (n:int) = @[byte?][n] viewdef FILE_v (m:fm, l:addr) = FILE m @ l viewdef FILEopt_v (m:fm, l:addr) = option_v (FILE m @ l, l > null) (* ****** ****** *) praxi stdin_isnot_null : [stdin_addr > null] void praxi stdout_isnot_null : [stdout_addr > null] void praxi stderr_isnot_null : [stderr_addr > null] void // ------------------------------------------------ macdef EOF = $extval (int, "EOF") // HX: it must be -1 // ------------------------------------------------ (* // void clearerr (FILE *stream); The function [clearerr] clears the end-of-file and error indicators for the stream pointed to by stream. *) symintr clearerr fun clearerr0 (f: FILEref):<> void = "atslib_clearerr" overload clearerr with clearerr0 fun clearerr1 {m:fm} (f: &FILE m):<> void = "atslib_clearerr" overload clearerr with clearerr1 // ------------------------------------------------ (* // int fclose (FILE *stream); The [fclose] function will flush the stream pointed to by fp (writing any buffered output data using [fflush] and close the underlying file descriptor. The behaviour of [fclose] is undefined if the stream parameter is an illegal pointer, or is a descriptor already passed to a previous invocation of [fclose]. Upon successful completion 0 is returned. Otherwise, EOF is returned and the global variable errno is set to indicate the error. In either case any further access (including another call to fclose()) to the stream results in undefined behaviour. *) symintr fclose_err fun fclose0_err (r: FILEref):<> int = "atslib_fclose_err" overload fclose_err with fclose0_err fun fclose1_err {m:fm} {l:addr} ( pf: !FILE_v (m, l) >> option_v (FILE_v (m, l), i < 0) | p: ptr l ) :<> #[i:int | i <= 0] int i = "atslib_fclose_err" overload fclose_err with fclose1_err symintr fclose_exn fun fclose0_exn (r: FILEref): void = "atslib_fclose_exn" overload fclose_exn with fclose0_exn fun fclose1_exn {m:fm} {l:addr} (pf: FILE m @ l | p: ptr l): void = "atslib_fclose_exn" overload fclose_exn with fclose1_exn // ------------------------------------------------ // // HX-2010-10-02: // This one ignores all errors except EINTR, which forces // a retry. // fun fclose1_loop // implemented in $ATSHOME/libc/DATS/stdio.dats {m:fm} {l:addr} (pf: FILE m @ l | p: ptr l):<> int // 0/neg : succ/fail // end of [fclose1_loop] // ------------------------------------------------ fun fclose_stdin (): void = "atslib_fclose_stdin" fun fclose_stdout (): void = "atslib_fclose_stdout" fun fclose_stderr (): void = "atslib_fclose_stderr" // ------------------------------------------------ (* // int feof (FILE *stream); The function feof() returns a nonzero value if the end of the given file stream has been reached. *) symintr feof fun feof0 (f: FILEref):<> int = "atslib_feof" overload feof with feof0 fun feof1 {m:fm} (f: &FILE m):<> int = "atslib_feof" overload feof with feof1 // ------------------------------------------------ (* // int ferror (FILE *stream); The function [ferror] tests the error indicator for the stream pointed to by stream, returning non-zero if it is set. The error indicator can only be reset by the [clearerr] function. *) symintr ferror fun ferror0 (f: FILEref):<> int = "atslib_ferror" overload ferror with ferror0 fun ferror1 {m:fm} (f: &FILE m):<> int = "atslib_ferror" overload ferror with ferror1 // ------------------------------------------------ (* // int fflush (FILE *stream); The function fflush forces a write of all user-space buffered data for the given output or update stream via the streams underlying write function. The open status of the stream is unaffected. Upon successful completion 0 is returned. Otherwise, EOF is returned and the global variable errno is set to indicate the error. *) symintr fflush_err fun fflush0_err (f: FILEref):<> int = "atslib_fflush_err" overload fflush_err with fflush0_err fun fflush1_err {m:fm} (pf: file_mode_lte (m, w) | f: &FILE m):<> [i:int | i <= 0] int i = "atslib_fflush_err" overload fflush_err with fflush1_err // symintr fflush_exn fun fflush0_exn (f: FILEref): void = "atslib_fflush_exn" overload fflush_exn with fflush0_exn fun fflush1_exn {m:fm} (pf: file_mode_lte (m, w) | f: &FILE m): void = "atslib_fflush_exn" overload fflush_exn with fflush1_exn fun fflush_stdout (): void = "atslib_fflush_stdout" // ------------------------------------------------ (* // int fgetc (FILE *stream) [fgetc] reads the next character from stream and returns it as an unsigned char cast to an int, or EOF on end of file or error. *) symintr fgetc_err fun fgetc0_err (f: FILEref):<> int = "atslib_fgetc_err" overload fgetc_err with fgetc0_err fun fgetc1_err // [EOF] must be a negative number! {m:fm} (pf: file_mode_lte (m, r) | f: &FILE m):<> [i:int | i <= UCHAR_MAX] int i = "atslib_fgetc_err" overload fgetc_err with fgetc1_err // ------------------------------------------------ (* // int fgetpos(FILE *stream, fpos_t *pos); The [fgetpos] function stores the file position indicator of the given file stream in the given position variable. The position variable is of type fpos_t (which is defined in stdio.h) and is an object that can hold every possible position in a FILE. [fgetpos] returns zero upon success, and a non-zero value upon failure. *) abst@ype fpos_t = $extype "ats_fpos_type" dataview fgetpos_v (addr, int) = | {l:addr} fgetpos_v_succ (l, 0) of fpos_t @ l | {l:addr} {i:int | i < 0} fgetpos_v_fail (l, i) of fpos_t? @ l fun fgetpos {m:fm} {l_pos:addr} (pf: fpos_t? @ l_pos | f: &FILE m, p: ptr l_pos) :<> [i:int | i <= 0] (fgetpos_v (l_pos, i) | int i) = "atslib_fgetpos" // end of [fgetpos] // ------------------------------------------------ (* // char *fgets (char *str, int size, FILE *stream); [fgets] reads in at most one less than [size] characters from stream and stores them into the buffer pointed to by s. Reading stops after an EOF or a newline. If a newline is read, it is stored into the buffer. A '\0' is stored after the last character in the buffer. *) dataview fgets_v (sz:int, addr, addr) = | {l_buf:addr} fgets_v_fail (sz, l_buf, null) of b0ytes (sz) @ l_buf | {n:nat | n < sz} {l_buf:addr | l_buf > null} fgets_v_succ (sz, l_buf, l_buf) of strbuf (sz, n) @ l_buf // end of [fgets_v] fun fgets_err {sz,n:int | 0 < n; n <= sz} {m:fm} {l_buf:addr} ( pf_mod: file_mode_lte (m, r) , pf_buf: b0ytes (sz) @ l_buf | p: ptr l_buf, n: int n, f: &FILE m ) :<> [l:addr] (fgets_v (sz, l_buf, l) | ptr l) = "atslib_fgets_err" // end of [fgets_err] // // HX: // this function returns an empty strbuf // if EOF is reached but no character is read // fun fgets_exn {sz,n0:int | 0 < n0; n0 <= sz} {m:fm} {l_buf:addr} ( pf_mod: file_mode_lte (m, r), pf_buf: !b0ytes (sz) @ l_buf >> [n:nat | n < n0] strbuf (sz, n) @ l_buf | p: ptr l_buf, n0: int n0, f: &FILE m ) : void = "atslib_fgets_exn" // end of [fgets_exn] // ------------------------------------------------ (* The function fileno examines the argument stream and returns its integer descriptor. In case fileno detects that its argument is not a valid stream, it must return -1 and set errno to EBADF. *) (* the type of the function indicates that it should not fail! *) symintr fileno fun fileno0 (f: FILEref):<> int = "atslib_fileno" overload fileno with fileno0 fun fileno1 {m:fm} (f: &FILE m):<> int = "atslib_fileno" overload fileno with fileno1 // ------------------------------------------------ (* // FILE *fopen (const char *path, const char *mode); The fopen function opens the file whose name is the string pointed to by path and associates a stream with it. The argument mode points to a string beginning with one of the follow ing sequences (Additional characters may follow these sequences.): r Open text file for reading. The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file. r+ Open for reading and writing. The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file. w Truncate file to zero length or create text file for writing. The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file. w+ Open for reading and writing. The file is created if it does not exist, otherwise it is truncated. The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file. a Open for appending (writing at end of file). The file is created if it does not exist. The stream is positioned at the end of the file. a+ Open for reading and appending (writing at end of file). The file is created if it does not exist. The stream is positioned at the end of the file. *) fun fopen_err {m:fm} (path: string, m: file_mode m): [l:addr] (FILEopt_v (m, l) | ptr l) = "atslib_fopen_err" // end of [fopen_err] fun fopen_exn {m:fm} (path: string, m: file_mode m): [l:addr] (FILE m @ l | ptr l) = "atslib_fopen_exn" // end of [fopen_exn] fun fopen_ref_exn {m:fm} (path: string, m: file_mode m): FILEref = "atslib_fopen_exn" // end of [fopen_ref_exn] // ------------------------------------------------ (* // int fputc (int c, FILE *stream) The function [fputc] writes the given character [c] to the given output stream. The return value is the character, unless there is an error, in which case the return value is EOF. *) symintr fputc_err fun fputc0_err (c: char, f: FILEref):<> int = "atslib_fputc_err" overload fputc_err with fputc0_err fun fputc1_err {m:fm} (pf: file_mode_lte (m, w) | c: char, f: &FILE m) :<> [i:int | i <= UCHAR_MAX] int i = "atslib_fputc_err" overload fputc_err with fputc1_err symintr fputc_exn fun fputc0_exn (c: char, f: FILEref): void = "atslib_fputc_exn" overload fputc_exn with fputc0_exn fun fputc1_exn {m:fm} (pf: file_mode_lte (m, w) | c: char, f: &FILE m): void = "atslib_fputc_exn" overload fputc_exn with fputc1_exn // ------------------------------------------------ (* // int fputs (const char* s, FILE *stream) The function [fputs] writes a string to a file. it returns a non-negative number on success, or EOF on error. *) symintr fputs_err fun fputs0_err (str: string, fil: FILEref):<> int = "atslib_fputs_err" overload fputs_err with fputs0_err fun fputs1_err {m:fm} (pf: file_mode_lte (m, w) | str: string, f: &FILE m):<> int = "atslib_fputs_err" overload fputs_err with fputs1_err symintr fputs_exn fun fputs0_exn (str: string, fil: FILEref): void = "atslib_fputs_exn" overload fputs_exn with fputs0_exn fun fputs1_exn {m:fm} (pf: file_mode_lte (m, w) | str: string, f: &FILE m): void = "atslib_fputs_exn" overload fputs_exn with fputs1_exn // ------------------------------------------------ (* // size_t fread (void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream); The function [fread] reads [nmemb] elements of data, each [size] bytes long, from the stream pointed to by stream, storing them at the location given by ptr. The return value is the number of items that are actually read. [fread] does not distinguish between end-of-file and error, and callers must use [feof] and [ferror] to determine which occurred. *) fun fread {sz:pos} {n_buf:int} {n,nsz:nat | nsz <= n_buf} {m:fm} ( pf_mod: file_mode_lte (m, r) , pf_mul: MUL (n, sz, nsz) | buf: &bytes (n_buf) , sz: size_t sz, n: size_t n , f: &FILE m ) :<> sizeLte n = "atslib_fread" // end of [fread] fun fread_byte {n_buf:int} {n:nat | n <= n_buf} {m:fm} ( pf_mod: file_mode_lte (m, r) | buf: &bytes (n_buf), n: size_t n, f: &FILE m ) :<> sizeLte n = "atslib_fread_byte" // end of [fread_byte] fun fread_byte_exn {n_buf:int} {n:nat | n <= n_buf} {m:fm} ( pf_mod: file_mode_lte (m, r) | buf: &bytes (n_buf), n: size_t n, f: &FILE m ) : void = "atslib_fread_byte_exn" // end of [fread_byte_exn] // ------------------------------------------------ (* // FILE *freopen (const char *path, const char *mode, FILE *stream); The [freopen] function opens the file whose name is the string pointed to by path and associates the stream pointed to by stream with it. The original stream (if it exists) is closed. The mode argument is used just as in the fopen function. The primary use of the freopen function is to change the file associated with a standard text stream (stderr, stdin, or stdout). *) symintr freopen_err fun freopen0_err {m_new:fm} (path: string, m_new: file_mode m_new, f: FILEref): void = "atslib_freopen_err" overload freopen_err with freopen0_err fun freopen1_err {m_old,m_new:fm} {l_file:addr} (pf: FILE m_old @ l_file | s: string, m: file_mode m_new, p: ptr l_file) : [l:addr | l == null || l == l_file] (FILEopt_v (m_new, l) | ptr l) = "atslib_freopen_err" overload freopen_err with freopen1_err symintr freopen_exn fun freopen0_exn {m_new:fm} (path: string, m_new: file_mode m_new, f: FILEref): void = "atslib_freopen_exn" overload freopen_exn with freopen0_exn fun freopen1_exn {m_old,m_new:fm} {l_file:addr} (pf: FILE m_old @ l_file | path: string, m: file_mode m_new, p: ptr l_file) : (FILE m_new @ l_file | void) = "atslib_freopen_exn" overload freopen_exn with freopen1_exn fun freopen_stdin {m:fm} (s: string): void = "atslib_freopen_stdin" // end of [freopen_stdin] fun freopen_stdout {m:fm} (s: string): void = "atslib_freopen_stdout" // end of [freopen_stdout] fun freopen_stderr {m:fm} (s: string): void = "atslib_freopen_stderr" // end of [freopen_stderr] // ------------------------------------------------ (* // int fseek (FILE *stream, long offset, int whence) The [fseek] function sets the file position indicator for the stream pointed to by stream. The new position, measured in bytes, is obtained by adding offset bytes to the position specified by whence. If whence is set to [SEEK_SET], [SEEK_CUR], or [SEEK_END], the offset is relative to the start of the file, the current position indicator, or end-of-file, respectively. A successful call to the [fseek] function clears the end- of-file indicator for the stream and undoes any effects of the [ungetc] function on the same stream. Upon success, [fseek] returns 0. Otherwise, it returns -1. *) symintr fseek_err fun fseek0_err (f: FILEref, offset: lint, whence: whence_t):<> int = "atslib_fseek_err" overload fseek_err with fseek0_err fun fseek1_err {m:fm} (f: &FILE m, offset: lint, whence: whence_t):<> int = "atslib_fseek_err" overload fseek_err with fseek1_err symintr fseek_exn fun fseek0_exn (f: FILEref, offset: lint, whence: whence_t): void = "atslib_fseek_exn" overload fseek_exn with fseek0_exn fun fseek1_exn {m:fm} (f: &FILE m, offset: lint, whence: whence_t): void = "atslib_fseek_exn" overload fseek_exn with fseek1_exn // ------------------------------------------------ (* // void fsetpos(FILE *stream, const fpos_t *pos); The [fsetpos] function moves the file position indicator for the given stream to a location specified by the position object. The type fpos_t is defined in stdio.h. The return value for fsetpos() is zero upon success, non-zero on failure. *) fun fsetpos {m:fm} (f: &FILE m, pos: &fpos_t): int = "atslib_fsetpos" // ------------------------------------------------ (* // long ftell (FILE *stream) [ftell] returns the current offset of the given file stream upon on success. Otherwise, -1 is returned and the global variable errno is set to indicate the error. *) symintr ftell_err fun ftell0_err (f: FILEref):<> lint = "atslib_ftell_err" overload ftell_err with ftell0_err fun ftell1_err {m:fm} (f: &FILE m):<> lint = "atslib_ftell_err" overload ftell_err with ftell1_err symintr ftell_exn fun ftell0_exn (f: FILEref): lint = "atslib_ftell_exn" overload ftell_exn with ftell0_exn fun ftell1_exn {m:fm} (f: &FILE m): lint = "atslib_ftell_exn" overload ftell_exn with ftell1_exn // ------------------------------------------------ (* // size_t fwrite (const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream); The function [fwrite] writes [nmemb] elements of data, each [size] bytes long, to the stream pointed to by stream, obtaining them from the location given by [ptr]. The return value is the number of items that are actually written. *) fun fwrite // [sz]: the size of each item {sz:pos} {bsz:int} {n,nsz:nat | nsz <= bsz} {m:fm} ( pf_mod: file_mode_lte (m, w), pf_mul: MUL (n, sz, nsz) | buf: &bytes (bsz), sz: size_t sz, n: size_t n, fil: &FILE m ) :<> natLte n = "atslib_fwrite" // [fwrite_byte] is a special case of [fwrite] fun fwrite_byte // [fwrite_byte] only writes once {bsz:int} {n:nat | n <= bsz} {m:fm} ( pf_mod: file_mode_lte (m, w) | buf: &bytes (bsz), n: size_t n, fil: &FILE m ) :<> sizeLte n = "atslib_fwrite_byte" // an uncatchable exception is thrown if not all bytes are written fun fwrite_byte_exn {bsz:int} {n:nat | n <= bsz} {m:fm} ( pf_mod: file_mode_lte (m, w) | buf: &bytes (bsz), n: size_t n, fil: &FILE m ) : void = "atslib_fwrite_byte_exn" (* // perror - print a system error message The routine [perror(s)] produces a message on the standard error output, describing the last error encountered during a call to a system or library function. First (if s is not NULL and *s is not NULL) the argument string s is printed, followed by a colon and a blank. Then the message and a newline. *) fun perror (msg: string):<> void = "atslib_perror" // ------------------------------------------------ macdef getc = fgetc_err macdef putc = fputc_err // ------------------------------------------------ fun getchar ():<> int = "atslib_getchar" fun getchar1 ():<> [i:int | i <= UCHAR_MAX] int i = "atslib_getchar" fun putchar (c: char):<> int = "atslib_putchar" fun putchar1 (c: char):<> [i:int | i <= UCHAR_MAX] int i = "atslib_putchar" // ------------------------------------------------ // [puts] puts a newline at the end fun puts_err (s: string):<> int = "atslib_puts_err" fun puts_exn (s: string): void = "atslib_puts_exn" // ------------------------------------------------ fun remove_err (s: string): int = "atslib_remove_err" fun remove_exn (s: string): void = "atslib_remove_exn" // ------------------------------------------------ fun rename_err (oldpath: string, newpath: string): int = "atslib_rename_err" fun rename_exn (oldpath: string, newpath: string): void = "atslib_rename_exn" // ------------------------------------------------ // // HX: [rewind] generates no error // symintr rewind fun rewind0 {m:fm} (fil: FILEref):<> void = "atslib_rewind" overload rewind with rewind0 fun rewind1 {m:fm} (fil: &FILE m):<> void = "atslib_rewind" overload rewind with rewind1 // ------------------------------------------------ fun tmpfile_err () : [l:addr] (FILEopt_v (rw, l) | ptr l) = "atslib_tmpfile_err" fun tmpfile_exn () : [l:addr] (FILE_v (rw, l) | ptr l) = "atslib_tmpfile_exn" fun tmpfile_ref_exn (): FILEref = "atslib_tmpfile_exn" // ------------------------------------------------ (* // int ungetc(int c, FILE *stream); [ungetc] pushes [c] back to stream, cast to unsigned char, where it is available for subsequent read operations. Pushed-back characters will be returned in reverse order; only one pushback is guaranteed. *) symintr ungetc_err fun ungetc0_err (c: char, f: FILEref):<> int = "atslib_ungetc_err" overload ungetc_err with ungetc0_err fun ungetc1_err {m:fm} (c: char, f: &FILE m):<> [i:int | i <= UCHAR_MAX] int i = "atslib_ungetc_err" overload ungetc_err with ungetc1_err symintr ungetc_exn fun ungetc0_exn (c: char, f: FILEref): void = "atslib_ungetc_exn" overload ungetc_exn with ungetc0_exn fun ungetc1_exn {m:fm} (c: char, f: &FILE m): void = "atslib_ungetc_exn" overload ungetc_exn with ungetc1_exn // ------------------------------------------------ sta BUFSIZ : int praxi BUFSIZ_gtez (): [BUFSIZ >= 0] void macdef BUFSIZ = $extval (int(BUFSIZ), "BUFSIZ") abst@ype bufmode_t = int macdef _IOFBF = $extval (bufmode_t, "_IOFBF") // fully buffered macdef _IOLBF = $extval (bufmode_t, "_IOLBF") // line buffered macdef _IONBF = $extval (bufmode_t, "_IONBF") // no buffering symintr setbuf_null fun setbuf0_null (f: FILEref): void = "atslib_setbuf_null" overload setbuf_null with setbuf0_null fun setbuf1_null {m:fm} (f: &FILE m): void = "atslib_setbuf_null" overload setbuf_null with setbuf1_null // // HX-2010-10-03: // the buffer can be freed only after it is no longer used by // the stream to which it is attached!!! // symintr setbuffer fun setbuffer0 {n1,n2:nat | n2 <= n1} {l:addr} (pf_buf: !b0ytes n1 @ l | f: FILEref, p_buf: ptr l, n2: size_t n2): void = "#atslib_setbuffer" overload setbuffer with setbuffer0 fun setbuffer1 {m:fm} {n1,n2:nat | n2 <= n1} {l:addr} (pf_buf: !b0ytes n1 @ l | f: &FILE m, p_buf: ptr l, n2: size_t n2): void = "#atslib_setbuffer" overload setbuffer with setbuffer1 symintr setlinebuf fun setlinebuf0 (f: FILEref): void = "#atslib_setlinebuf" overload setlinebuf with setlinebuf0 fun setlinebuf1 {m:fm} (f: &FILE m): void = "#atslib_setlinebuf" overload setlinebuf with setlinebuf1 symintr setvbuf_null fun setvbuf0_null (f: FILEref, mode: bufmode_t): int = "atslib_setvbuf_null" overload setvbuf_null with setvbuf0_null fun setvbuf1_null {m:fm} (f: &FILE m, mode: bufmode_t): int = "atslib_setvbuf_null" overload setvbuf_null with setvbuf1_null symintr setvbuf fun setvbuf0 {n1,n2:nat | n2 <= n1} {l:addr} (pf_buf: !b0ytes(n1) @ l | fil: FILEref, mode: bufmode_t, n2: size_t n2): int = "#ats_setvbuf" overload setvbuf with setvbuf0 fun setvbuf1 {m:fm} {n1,n2:nat | n2 <= n1} {l:addr} (pf_buf: !b0ytes(n1) @ l | fil: &FILE m, mode: bufmode_t, n2: size_t n2): int = "#ats_setvbuf" overload setvbuf with setvbuf1 // ------------------------------------------------ (* end of [stdio.sats] *)